Abnormal Complex Karyotyping in A Patient Suspected of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML-M5): A Case Study

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a condition of immune dysregulation characterized by severe organ damage induced hyperinflammatory response and uncontrolled T-cell macrophage activation. Patients with Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) may be prone to develop HLH. lymphohistiocytosis syndrome in AMLpatients an abnormal complex karyotyping can worsen the patients' prognosis outcome. A 47-year-old-female presented prolonged fever, chills, fatigue, weight loss, productive cough, anemia (blood transfusion (+)). Laboratory findings: hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL, WBC 151.99x103/μL, platelet count 28x103/μL, peripheral blood 13% blast like cells, 19% promonocytes, 43% atypical (bizarre) monocytes, 25% neutrophils. Levels CRP>150 mg/L procalcitonin 82.67 ng/mL, negative HBsAg, positive IGRA test. Bone marrow morphology showed hypercellularity, decreased thrombopoiesis erythropoiesis, increased granulopoiesis, macrophages, hemophagocytosis. Karyotyping results: karyotypes: 46: XX (9 cells), 44: X (-18), 45: (-4), (+7, -2, -16), (chtb (3), chtb (4), (5), (9), (12), (22)), (7)), (6), (12)), (dic 2), (1) (q12), (3) (p21)), (X) (q25) ), (der dic (9)), t (9:22)), ((+ 21), (-13) (2), p (23), ( 9:22)). The conclusion was karyotyping. High concentrations inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, TNF-alpha, interferon-gamma) secreted malignant cells phagocytic function leukemic play important role pathogenesis Monocytic components (subtypes AML4 AML5 FAB classification) are predisposing factors cases AML-related Cytogenetic abnormalities involving 8p11 16p13 more common Complex genetic exacerbate AML, especially treatment failure. concluded that diagnosed HLH due AML-M5 BCR ABL (+), monosomy, trisomy, multiple chromatid breakage high mortality. examination determine disease.